Penicillin類抗生素

Treatment of severe upper respiratory infections, chronic bronchitis (acute exacerbation), CAP, cystitis, pyelonephritis, skin and soft tissue infections, osteomyelitis, intra-abdominal infections, and female genital infections caused by susceptible organisms in adults and pediatric patients; surgical prophylaxis in procedures involving the GI tract, pelvic cavity, head and neck, or biliary tract in adults.

Antibiotic, Penicillin

Amoxicillin (Amoxicillin pharmacokinetics are not affected by clavulanic acid)
1. Distribution: Readily into liver, lungs, prostate, muscle, middle ear effusions, maxillary sinus secretions, bone, gallbladder, bile, and into ascitic and synovial fluids; poor CSF penetration (except when meninges are inflamed)
2. Protein binding: ~20%
3. Excretion: Urine (60% as unchanged drug) lower in neonates
Clavulanic acid
1. Protein binding: ~25%
2. Half-life elimination: 1 hour
3. Time to peak: 1.5 hours
4. Excretion: Urine (25% to 40% as unchanged drug)

1. Hypersensitivity to amoxicillin, clavulanic acid, other beta-lactam antibacterial drugs (eg, penicillins, cephalosporins), or any component of the formulation
2. History of cholestatic jaundice or hepatic dysfunction with amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium therapy

Both amoxicillin and clavulanic acid cross the placenta; use with caution

Amoxicillin/clavulanate is considered compatible with breastfeeding when used in usual recommended doses; monitor infants for GI disturbances, such as thrush and diarrhea

Diarrhea, Diaper rash, skin rash, urticaria, abdominal distress, loose stools, nausea, vomiting, vaginitis, candidiasis, vaginal mycosis

Usual dosage:
1.2 g every 8 hours; in severe infections, administer every 6 hours
Surgical prophylaxis:
1.2 g at induction of anesthesia for procedures <1 hour; for procedures >1 hour, may administer up to 2-3 additional doses in 24 hours

3 months to 12 years of age:
30mg/kg of Amoclav every 8 hours; in severe infections, administer every 6 hours
<3 months:
30mg/kg of Amoclav every 12 hours; then titrate to every 8 hours

1. CrCl ≥30 mL/min: No dosage adjustment necessary
2. CrCl 10 to 30 mL/min: 1.2 g followed by 600 mg every 12 hours
3. CrCl <10 mL/min: 1.2 g followed by 600 mg every 24 hours
4. Hemodialysis (thrice weekly), Dialyzable: 1 g followed by 500 mg every 12 to 24 hours; If utilizing a 24-hour dosing interval, administer dose after dialysis or give an additional 500 mg dose after dialysis on dialysis days
5. Peritoneal dialysis: 1 g followed by 500 mg every 12 hours

There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer's labeling; use with caution.