Cephalosporins類抗生素 (二代)

1. Skin and soft tissue infection
2. Infectious disease of abdomen
3. Postoperative infection; Prophylaxis
4. Respiratory tract infection
5. Urinary tract infectious disease

Second-generation cephalosporin
It is active against E.coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus (both indole positive and negative) and Bacteroides.

Distribution:
1. Protein binding: 65-85%
2. Relatively high concentrations achieved in bile
Excretion:
1. Renal excretion: 85%, in unchanged form
2. Elimination half-life: 1.1-1.5 hrs, prolonged in patients with renal impairment
3. Removed to some extent by haemodialysis

Hypersensitivity to cephalosporin and cephamycin group. Cefmetazole competes with bilirubin for albumin binding; it is suggested that cefmetazole be avoided in jaundiced newborns since it may increase the risk of bilirubin encephalopathy.

B; Cephalosporins, in general, are considered safe for use in pregnancy

Infant risk cannot be ruled out. Weigh the potential benefits of drug treatment against potential risks before prescribing this drug during breastfeeding.

Leukopenia, nausea, diarrhea, and superinfection

1-2 g/day IV divided into 2 equal doses; Maximum 4g/day

25-100 mg/kg/day IV divided into 2-4 equal doses; Maximum 150 mg/kg/day

1. CrCl 30-49 mL/min/1.73m2: 1 to 2 grams every 16 hours
2. CrCl 10-29 mL/min/1.73m2: 1 to 2 grams every 24 hours
3. Less than 10ml/min/1.73m2: 1 to 2 grams every 48 hours after hemodialysis