#高警訊藥品

止咳口服 Relief of mild to moderate pain and cough

Opioid Analgesic; Antitussive
Binds to opioid receptors in the CNS, causing inhibition of ascending pain pathways, altering the perception of and response to pain; causes cough suppression by direct central action in the medulla; produces generalized CNS depression

Absorption:
Tmax: 60 minutes; Effects of food: no effect
Distribution:
1. Protein binding: 7% to 25%
2. Vd: 3 to 6 L/kg
Metabolism:
1. Hepatic via CYP2D6, CYP3A4, and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 and 2B4, Morphine, active
2. Elimination Half Life: 3 hours
Excretion:
Renal: 90%, approximately 10% unchanged

1. Hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis) to codeine or any component of the formulation
2. Pediatric patients <12 y/o; postoperative management in pediatric patients <18 y/o who have undergone tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy
3. Significant respiratory depression; acute or severe bronchial asthma in an unmonitored setting or in the absence of resuscitative equipment
4. GI obstruction, including paralytic ileus
5. Concurrent use with MAOIs or use of MAOIs within the last 14 days

C

Infant risk has been demonstrated.

Dizziness, euphoria, dysphoria, nausea, vomiting, constipation, pruritus

Analgesic:
15 to 60 mg every 4 hours as needed; maximum 360 mg/day
Antitussive:
7.5 to 120 mg/day as a single dose or in divided doses; Some recommend 30 to 60 mg 4 times daily in specific patient populations (eg, lung cancer)

Analgesic:
0.5 to 1 mg/kg/dose every 4 to 6 hours as needed; maximum 60 mg/dose