【藥品性質提示】 根據 2019 AGS Beers Criteria，本藥品為【潛在不適當用藥 (PIM)】，不建議用於有瞻妄風險之老年人。

Rheumatic arthritis, certain leukemia, lymphoma, soft tissue inflammation, head injury, hemolytic anemia and other collagen diseases.

Clinical response with intramuscular doses occurs within 8 h; Elimination Half Life: 1.88 to 2.23 hours

Systemic fungal infections

C

Avoided; in animal studies dexamethasone secreted in milk can affect growth rate, but in human systemically administered corticosteroids are secreted into breast milk in quantities not likely to have an adverse effect on the infant.

Adverse effects include arrhythmias, premature ventricular contractions, nervousness, insomnia, irritability, hyperkinesia, psychosis, Cushing's syndrome, adrenal suppression, hyperglycemia, hyperthyroidism, hypercalcemia, peptic ulcers, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, pancreatitis, vaginitis, increased intraocular pressure, glaucoma, uveitis, vision changes, pulmonary edema, burning, itching, irritation, dryness, acneiform eruptions, allergic contact dermatitis, lipodystrophy, muscular weakness, osteonecrosis, and osteoporosis.

Cerebral edema: initial, 10 mg IV, followed by 4 mg IM or IV Q6H until symptoms of cerebral edema subside. Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: prophylaxis: 20 mg IV before chemotherapy, 8 mg IV for 3 days after chemotherapy. Pediatrics: IM, or IV as an anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive 0.03-0.15 mg/kg/day divided Q6-12H; IM, or IV for cerebral edema 1.5 mg/kg once, then 1.5 mg/kg/day divided Q4-6H for 5 days, then taper over the next 5 days and discontinue.

Dexamethasone with D5W or NS (which is recommended as a diluent for intravenous infusions of dexamethasone); due to the absence of preservatives in this infusion, solution should be used within 24 hours.