Onset of action: Hematologic response: Oral, parenteral iron salts: ~3 to 10 days
Peak effect: Reticulocytosis: 5 to 10 days; hemoglobin values increase within 2 to 4 weeks
Absorption: Iron is absorbed in the duodenum and upper jejunum; in persons with normal serum iron stores, 10% of an oral dose is absorbed, this is increased to 20% to 30% in persons with inadequate iron stores. Food and achlorhydria will decrease absorption.
Protein binding: To serum transferrin.
Excretion: Urine, sweat, sloughing of intestinal mucosa, and menses
禁忌症
Hypersensitivity to iron salts or any component of the formulation; hemochromatosis, hemolytic anemia
懷孕分類
Maternal iron requirements increase during pregnancy. Adequate iron concentrations to the fetus can be maintained regardless of maternal iron status, except in severe cases of anemia (IOM 2001). Untreated iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in a pregnant female may be associated with adverse events, including low birth weight, preterm birth, or increased perinatal mortality (ACOG 95 2008; IOM 2001; Pavord 2012).
哺乳分類
Iron is present in breast milk (IOM 2001).
Maternal iron requirements are increased in breastfeeding women (IOM 2001). Breast milk levels of iron are maintained in females with mild to moderate iron deficiency anemia (IDA), but concentrations decrease if IDA is severe (El-Farrash 2012; Kumar 2008).
It is not known if maternal use of ferrous fumarate significantly changes breast milk concentrations. The World Health Organization considers ferrous salts used for anemia to be compatible with breastfeeding (WHO 2002). All postpartum women at risk of gestational anemia (regardless of breastfeeding status) may be given oral iron with or without folic acid for 6 to 12 weeks postpartum to reduce the risk of anemia (WHO 2016c).
副作用
>10%: Gastrointestinal: Constipation, darkening of stools, nausea, stomach cramps, vomiting.
1% to 10%:
Gastrointestinal: Dental discoloration, diarrhea, heartburn
Genitourinary: Urine discoloration
<1%, postmarketing, and/or case reports: Local irritation