【藥品性質提示】 #建議持續輸注 (IV pump) 之高警訊藥品

General anesthesia: Induction of anesthesia in patients ≥3 years of age; maintenance of anesthesia in patients ≥2 months of age
Sedation of mechanically ventilated patients: For mechanically ventilated adults in the ICU
Monitored anesthesia care sedation: Initiation and maintenance of monitored anesthesia care sedation in adults
Sedation and regional anesthesia: Combined sedation and regional anesthesia in adults

Propofol is a short-acting hypnotic. Its mechanism of action has not been well-defined.

1. Distribution: Vd: 171 to 349 L
2. Metabolism: Hepatic
3. Excretion: Renal: 90%
4. Elimination Half Life: 3 to 12 h

1. Allergies to eggs, egg products, soybeans, soy products, or peanuts
2. Hypersensitivity to propofol or any of its components

Fetal risk cannot be ruled out.

Infant risk cannot be ruled out.

Common:
Hypotension, involuntary body movements, burning sensation or pain at injection site, apnea
Others:
Hypertension, bradycardia, cardiac arrhythmia, low cardiac output, tachycardia, skin rash, pruritus, hypertriglyceridemia, respiratory acidosis

General anesthesia: For healthy adults <55 y/o
1. Induction: 40 mg IV every 10 seconds until induction onset (2 to 2.5 mg/kg); dose varies for age and surgery type
2. Maintenance: 100-200 mcg/kg/min IV infusion (6 to 12 mg/kg/hr); dose varies for age and surgery type; 20-50 mg increments IV bolus as needed
Rapid sequence intubation outside the operating room (induction):
1.5 to 2 mg/kg once; usual dose range: 1 to 3 mg/kg>
Monitored anesthesia care sedation:
1. Initiation: 5 mcg/kg/minute; increase by 5 to 10 mcg/kg/minute every 5 to 10 minutes until goal sedation level is achieved
2. Maintenance: 5 to 50 mcg/kg/minute; Maximum (not well defined; may vary by institution): 60 to 80 mcg/kg/minute
Procedural sedation:
0.5 to 1 mg/kg, followed by 0.25 to 0.5 mg/kg every 1 to 3 minutes, as needed, to achieve adequate sedation
Sedation for a mechanically ventilated patient (ICU):
1. Initial: 5 mcg/kg/min (0.3 mg/kg/hr) IV infusion for 5 min then titrate in 5-10 mcg/kg/min (0.3-0.6 mg/kg/hr) increments to achieve desired level of sedation
2. Usual maintenance: 5 to 50 mcg/kg/minute; Maximum 60 to 80 mcg/kg/minute

General anesthesia:
1. (3 to 16 years) Induction: 2.5 to 3.5 mg/kg IV over 20 to 30 seconds
2. (2 months to 16 years) Maintenance: 125 to 300 mcg/kg/min IV (7.5 to 18 mg/kg/hr)
Procedural sedation:
1 mg/kg IV followed by 0.5 mg/kg every 3 to 5 minutes as needed for sedation

Induction doses of propofol do not need to be altered in renal failure patients.

Continuous infusions of propofol for anesthesia maintenance do not need to be altered in patients with cirrhosis.