消炎、鎮痛、解熱。

Analgesic, Nonopioid; Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID),

Onset of action: Analgesic: Within 30 to 60 minutes; Antipyretic: Infants ≤1 year: 69 minutes; Children ≥6 years: 109 minutes; Adults: <1 hour; Maximum effect: Antipyretic: 2 to 4 hours.
Duration: Antipyretic: 6 to 8 hours.
Absorption: Rapid (85%).
Distribution: Vd: Febrile children <11 years: 0.2 L/kg; Adults: 0.12 L/kg.
Protein binding: >99%; Premature infants: ~95%.
Bioavailability: 80%.
Metabolism: Hepatic via oxidation.
Half-life elimination: Children 3 months to 10 years: 1.6 hours; Adults: ~2 hours; End-stage renal disease: Unchanged.
Time to peak: 1 hour; Children with cystic fibrosis: 0.74 hours (median: 30 minutes).
Excretion: Urine (primarily as metabolites (45% to 80%); ~1% as unchanged drug and 14% as conjugated); some feces.

Hypersensitivity to ibuprofen or any component of the formulation; asthma, urticaria, or allergic-type reaction to aspirin or other NSAIDs; aspirin triad; use in the setting of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery; cerebrovascular bleeding or other bleeding disorders; active gastric/duodenal/peptic ulcer, active GI bleeding; inflammatory bowel disease; uncontrolled heart failure; moderate to severe renal impairment; active hepatic disease; hyperkalemia; third trimester of pregnancy; breast-feeding.

Ibuprofen is present in breast milk.

1. Cardiovascular effects: increased risk of serious adverse cardiovascular (CV) events (myocardial infarction (MI), cerebrovascular accident, and CV death, hypertension, heart failure).
2. Gastrointestinal events: increased risk of serious GI adverse events (including gastrointestinal inflammation, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, gastrointestinal ulcer, and gastrointestinal perforation).
3. Hematologic effects: prolonged bleeding time and an increased risk for hemorrhage.
4. Hepatic effects: mild transaminase elevations, serious liver injury.
5. Hypersensitivity reactions: angioedema, urticarial, dyspnea, rhinorrhea, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS).
6. Kidney effects: hemodynamically-mediated acute kidney injury, interstitial nephritis, and renal papillary necrosis.
7. Pulmonary hypertension.

1. Abnormal uterine bleeding, nonacute (alternative agent) (off-label use): 600 mg 2 to 4 times daily. Begin at menses onset and continue for 2 to 3 days or until cessation of bleeding.
2. Anti-inflammatory (eg, for arthritis associated with rheumatic disease) : 400 to 800 mg every 6 to 8 hours; maximum dose: 3.2 g/day. Some experts generally recommend a maximum dose of 2.4 g/day for chronic use.
3. Dysmenorrhea: 400 mg every 4 hours as needed or 600 to 800 mg every 6 to 8 hours as needed; maximum dose: 3.2 g/day; usual duration: 1 to 5 days.
4. Fever (alternative agent) : 200 to 400 mg every 4 to 6 hours as needed; if fever persists, may titrate up to 600 to 800 mg every 6 hours as needed; maximum dose: 3.2 g/day.
5. Gout, treatment (acute flares) (off-label use) : 800 mg every 8 hours within 24 to 48 hours of flare onset; usual duration: 5 to 7 days.
6. Migraine, acute treatment: 400 to 600 mg once.
7. Pain (monotherapy or as an adjunctive agent) : 200 to 400 mg every 4 to 6 hours as needed or 600 to 800 mg every 6 to 8 hours as needed; maximum dose: 3.2 g/day.

1. Analgesic: ≥6 months and <12 years old children: 0.5ml/kg/dose every 6 to 8 hours; maximum daily dose: 2ml/kg; children ≥ 12 years and adolescents: 200 to 400 mg every 4 to 6 hours as needed; treatment of pain for >10 days is not recommended, unless directed by health care provider.
2. Antipyretic: ≥6 months and <12 years old children: <39.2 degree: 0.25 ml/kg every 6 to 8 hours; ≥ 39.2 degree: 0.5 ml/kg every 6 to 8 hours. Maximum daily dose: 2.0 ml/kg.
3. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) : 1.5 to 2.0 ml/kg/day, divided into 3 to 4 times. mild symptoms: 1.0 ml/kg/day.

CrCl ≤ 30 mL/minute: avoid use due to increased risk of acute kidney injury.