Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitor:
By inhibiting SGLT2 in the proximal renal tubules, empagliflozin reduces reabsorption of filtered glucose from the tubular lumen and lowers the renal threshold for glucose (RTG).

Absorption
Time to Peak: 1.5 hours
Distribution
1. Vd: 73.8 L
2. Protein binding: 86.2%
Metabolism
Primarily through glucuronidation by UGT2B7, UGT1A3, UGT1A8, and UGT1A9 to minor metabolites
Excretion
Urine (54.4%; 50% as unchanged drug); feces (41.2%; majority as unchanged drug)
Pharmacodynamics
1. Duration: Following discontinuation, urinary glucose excretion returns to baseline within ~3 days for the 10 mg and 25 mg doses.<202108/17>
2. Half-life Elimination: 12.4 hours

1. History of serious hypersensitivity reaction to empagliflozin
2. Severe renal impairment, end-stage renal disease, or dialysis
3. Not recommended for type 1 DM patients, may cause ketoacidosis risk in such patients.<20230207>

C: Due to adverse effects on renal development observed in animal studies, the manufacturer does not recommend use during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.

Not known; however, based on animal data, empagliflozin may cause harm to nursing infants.

Hypoglycemia, UTI (includes asymptomatic bacteriuria, cystitis), increased urine output (includes polyuria, pollakiuria, nocturia), Increased LDL cholesterol, dyslipidemia, Increased thirst

Administration:
taken with or without food
Type 2 Diabetes mellitus:
1. Hyperglycemia: Initial: 10 mg once daily; may increase to 25 mg once daily after 4 to 12 weeks
2. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: 10 or 25 mg once daily
Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction:
10 mg once daily.
Chronic kidney disease (adjunctive agent): 10 mg once daily.Due to limited experience, JARDIANCE is not recommended as initial therapy for dialysis patients. <20240402>

Type 2 diabetes
Children over 10 years old : 10 mg once daily. If well tolerated and further blood sugar control is needed, the dose can be increased to 25 mg once daily.
<20240523>

Jardiance can be used regardless of renal function level.
For dialysis patients, Jardiance is not recommended as initial treatment.
cGFR<30 ml/min/1.73 m2: 10 mg once daily. <20230928>