【藥品性質提示】 根據 2019 AGS Beers Criteria，本藥品為【潛在不適當用藥 (PIM)】，不建議用於有骨折風險之老年人(除非用於癲癇、調節情緒)、腎功能不佳 (CrCl≤80mL/min) 須降低劑量。 【藥品訊息】 優閒內服液劑 仿單

治療癲癇 Adjunctive therapy of myoclonic seizure, partial seizure, primary generalized tonic-clonic seizure

Anticonvulsant, Miscellaneous

Absorption
1. Oral: Rapidly absorbed
2. Effect of food: Minor
Distribution
1. Protein binding: 3.4%
2. Vd: 0.7 L/kg Metabolism
Liver, insignificant; Enzymatic hydrolysis, primary pathway (24% of dose)
Excretion
1. Renal excretion: 66% (unchanged)
2. Renal clearance: 0.6 mL/min/kg (parent compound)
3. Dialyzable: Yes (hemodialysis), 50%
4. Total body clearance: 0.96 mL/minute/kg
Elimination Half Life
6 to 8 hours

Hypersensitivity to levetiracetam

C(FDA) B3(AUS)

Infant risk cannot be ruled out.

Common
Loss of appetite, Vomiting, Infectious disease, Decreased bone mineral density, Neck pain, Asthenia, Dizziness, Headache, Abnormal behavior, Irritability, Cough, Nasopharyngitis, Fatigue
Serious
Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Toxic epidermal necrolysis, Decreased erythrocyte production, Decreased white blood cell count, Eosinophil count raised, Neutropenia, Pancytopenia, Thrombocytopenia, Liver failure, Anaphylaxis, Somnolence, Suicidal intent, Angioedema

Myoclonic seizures:
1. Initial 500 mg twice daily; increase every 2 weeks by 500 mg/dose to the recommended dose of 1,500 mg twice daily.
2. Efficacy of doses other than 3,000 mg/day has not been established.
Partial onset seizures:
1. Initial 500 mg twice daily; increase every 2 weeks by 500 mg/dose to the maximum recommended dose of 1,500 mg twice daily.
2. Efficacy of doses >3,000 mg/day has not been established.
Tonic-clonic seizures:
1. Initial 500 mg twice daily; increase every 2 weeks by 500 mg/dose to the recommended dose of 1,500 mg twice daily.
2. Efficacy of doses lower than the recommended dose of 1,500 mg twice daily has not been established.

Weight-based dose calculation for oral solution in pediatric patients: Daily dose (mL/day) = daily dose (mg/kg/day) x weight (kg) divided by 100 mg/mL

Myoclonic seizures:
Children ≥12 years and Adolescents: Refer to adult dosing.
Partial onset seizures:
1. Infants 1 month to <6 months: Initial 7 mg/kg/dose twice daily; increase every 2 weeks by 7 mg/kg/dose to a recommended dose of 21 mg/kg/dose twice daily
2. Infants and Children 6 months to <4 years: Initial 10 mg/kg/dose twice daily; increase every 2 weeks by 10 mg/kg/dose to a recommended dose of 25 mg/kg/dose twice daily
3. Children and Adolescents 4 to <16 years: Initial 10 mg/kg/dose twice daily; increase every 2 weeks by 10 mg/kg/dose to a recommended dose of 30 mg/kg/dose twice daily (maximum daily dose: 3,000 mg/day)
4. Adolescents ≥16 years: Refer to adult dosing.
Tonic-clonic seizures:
1. 6 to <12 years: Initial 10 mg/kg/dose twice daily; increase every 2 weeks by 10 mg/kg/dose to the recommended dose of 30 mg/kg twice daily.
2. Adolescents over 50 kg (12-17 years old)<20230517>: Refer to adult dosing.

1. Mild impairment (CrCl 50-80 mL/min/1.73 m²): Usual dosage, 500 to 1000 mg IV every 12 hours
2. Moderate impairment (CrCl 30 to 50 mL/min/1.73 m²):Usual dosage, 250 to 750 mg IV every 12 hours
3. Severe impairment (CrCl <30 mL/min/1.73 m²): Usual dosage, 250 to 500 mg IV every 12 hours
4. ESRD in adults on hemodialysis: Usual dosage, 500 to 1000 mg IV every 24 hours and a 250- to 500-mg supplemental dose after each dialysis session

No adjustment needed

Store at a controlled room temperature of 25 degrees C, with excursions permitted between 15 and 30 degrees C