【藥品性質提示】 據 2019 AGS Beers Criteria，本藥品為【潛在不適當用藥 (PIM)】，不建議用於有骨折風險之老年人(除非用於癲癇、調節情緒)、腎功能不佳 (CrCl≤80mL/min) 須降低劑量。

治療癲癇 Adjunctive therapy of myoclonic seizure, partial seizure, primary generalized tonic-clonic seizure

Anticonvulsant, Miscellaneous

Absorption
Effect of food: Minor
Distribution
1. Protein binding: 3.4%
2. Vd: 0.7 L/kg
Metabolism
Liver, insignificant; Enzymatic hydrolysis, primary pathway (24% of dose)
Excretion
1. Renal excretion: 66% (unchanged)
2. Renal clearance: 0.6 mL/min/kg (parent compound)
3. Dialyzable: Yes (hemodialysis), 50%
4. Total body clearance: 0.96 mL/minute/kg
Elimination Half Life
6 to 8 hours

Hypersensitivity to levetiracetam

C(FDA) B3(AUS)

Infant risk cannot be ruled out.

Common
Loss of appetite, Vomiting, Infectious disease, Decreased bone mineral density, Neck pain, Asthenia, Dizziness, Headache, Abnormal behavior, Irritability, Cough, Nasopharyngitis, Fatigue
Serious
Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Toxic epidermal necrolysis, Decreased erythrocyte production, Decreased white blood cell count, Eosinophil count raised, Neutropenia, Pancytopenia, Thrombocytopenia, Liver failure, Anaphylaxis, Somnolence, Suicidal intent, Angioedema

General Dosage Information: 1. Switching from IV to oral therapy: Switch to oral route at the same daily dose and frequency as IV administration. 2. Switching from oral to IV therapy: Initial total daily IV dose should be equivalent to the total daily dose and frequency of oral dose.

Myoclonic seizure; Adjunct
Initial 500 mg orally twice daily; increase by increments of 1000 mg/day every 2 weeks to 3000 mg/day
Partial seizure; Adjunct
(Extended-release tablet) Initial 1000 mg orally once daily; may increase by increments of 1000 mg/day every 2 weeks to MAX, 3000 mg/day
Tonic-clonic seizure, Primary generalized; Adjunct
Initial 500 mg orally twice daily; increase by increments of 1000 mg/day every 2 weeks to target dose of 3000 mg/day in 2 divided doses

1. Mild renal impairment (CrCl 50 to 80 mL/min/1.73 m²) in adults: 1000 to 2000 mg orally every 24 hours
2. Moderate renal impairment (CrCl 30 to 50 mL/min/1.73 m²) in adults: 500 to 1500 mg orally every 24 hours
3. Severe renal impairment (CrCl <30 mL/min/1.73 m²) in adults: 500 to 1000 mg orally every 24 hours
4. ESRD in adults on hemodialysis: use of extended-release tablet is not recommended

No adjustment needed

Store at a controlled room temperature of 25 degrees C, with excursions permitted between 15 and 30 degrees C