利尿劑其他 (others) Glaucoma, cerebral edema, measurement of glomerular filtration rate.

IV administration of mannitol induces diuresis mainly by elevating the osmotic pressure of the glomerular filtrate to such an extent that the tubular reabsorption of water and solutes is hindered.

Diuresis may occur within 1–3 hours after IV administration of mannitol. Lowering of elevated intraocular pressure occurs within 30–60 minutes and persists for 4–6 hours. Elevated CSF pressure may be reduced within 15 minutes after starting an infusion of mannitol, and the effect may last for 3–8 hours after the infusion is stopped. When administered IV, mannitol remains confined to the extracellular compartment. Mannitol is metabolized only very slightly, if at all, to glycogen in the liver. The drug is freely filtered by the glomeruli, with less than 10% tubular reabsorption; it is not secreted by tubular cells. The elimination half-life in adults is about 100 minutes. Approximately 80% of a 100-g dose is excreted unchanged in urine within 3 hours.

Pulmonary congestion or pulmonary edema, congestive heart failure, severe dehydration.

C

There is no information on excretion of mannitol in breast milk. Mannitol should not be used during lactation unless clearly necessary.

Fluid and electrolyte imbalance, hypersensitivity, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache (when given by mouth).

IV infusion, 50-200g/day, maximum dose: 6g/kg.

Mannitol solution may be crystallization at low temperature. It can be resolubilized by heating to 70-80℃ in a water bath. Allow the solution to cool to room temperature before reinspection for crystals. The solution is incompatible with potassium chlorid