藥劑部參考美國 Johns Hopkins 大學研究團隊所建立的 NxP (Nephrotoxic Potential) 專家共識分級清單，本品具「顯著以上腎毒性風險」，被認定具中度至高度腎損傷潛勢，特別是同時合併其他腎毒性藥物、脫水、高齡或既有腎功能異常的患者族群，應更加注意。

【藥品性質提示】 根據 2019 AGS Beers Criteria，本藥品為【潛在不適當用藥 (PIM)】，不建議老年人長期使用。 GFR <30 mL/min 以下之慢性腎臟疾病病人，建議勿處方本品 (NSAID)。

止痛消炎口服 An analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory agent used in rheumatoid arthritis and related disorders

Diclofenac inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins in body tissues by inhibiting cyclooxygenase.

It is almost completely absorbed from the GI tract; however, the drugs undergo extensive first-pass metabolism in the liver, with only about 50–60% of a dose of diclofenac sodium or diclofenac potassium reaching systemic circulation as unchanged drug. Following oral administration, diclofenac is excreted in urine and feces, with only minimal amounts being excreted unchanged. The elimination half-life of the drug was approximately 1.2–2 hours.

Peptic ulcer and hypersensitivity to diclofenac

C ( prior to 30 weeks gestation ) ; D (≧ 30 weeks gestation )

excreted in breast milk/ not recommended

Diarrhea (3-9%), indigestion (3-9%), nausea (3-9%), constipation (3-%), and flatulence (1-3%),. Headache (7%), dizziness (3%.), vertigo, insomnia, drowsiness, agitation, depression, irritability, and anxiety have been reported in less than 1%

Adults: PO 100-125 mg/daily, TID or QID. Children age 1 year or over should be given PO 0.5-3 mg/kg/day in 2-3 doses.