Treatment of central (neurogenic) diabetes insipidus, temporary polyuria and polydipsia following pituitary surgery or head injury; Primary nocturnal enuresis; Maintenance of hemostasis and control of bleeding in hemophilia A or von Willebrand's disease Type I with factor VIII coagulant activity levels >5 %
藥理
Desmopressin acetate is a synthetic analogue of the naturally occurring hormone 8-arginine vasopressin (ADH) and an antidiuretic hormone that affects conservation of water in the kidneys. Also, desmopressin acetate is more potent than arginine vasopressin in increasing plasma levels of factor VIII activity in hemophilic individuals and patients with von Willebrand's disease type I.
藥動學
Onset of action: Intranasal: antidiuretic: 15-30 min; Increased factor VIII and von Willebrand factor (vWF) activity(dose related): 30 min; IV infusion: Increased factor VIII and vWF activity:30 min; Peak effect: 1.5-2 hours; Oral tablet: antidiuretic: about 1 hr; peak effect: 4-7 hrs. Duration: Intranasal, IV infusion, Oral tablet: about 6-14 hrs.
禁忌症
Hypersensitivity to desmopressin; children under 3 months of age (IV administration); patients with Type IIB von Willebrand's disease
懷孕分類
B
哺乳分類
Excretion in breast milk unknown/use caution
副作用
Facial flushing, Blood pressure increased/decreased (I.V.), headache, water retention and hyponatremia, abdominal cramps, nasal congestion, rhinitis, local dermatologic effects following injection, and rash
劑量和給藥方法
For diabetes insipidus: intranasal (100 mcg/ml nasal solution), Adults: 10-40 mcg (0.1-0.4 ml) a day in 1-3 divided doses, Children (3 months-12 yrs): 5-30 mcg/day (0.05-0.3 ml/day) in divided doses.