#高警訊藥品

Antepartum: Initiation or improvement of uterine contractions, in order to achieve vaginal delivery
Postpartum: To produce uterine contractions during the third stage of labor and to control postpartum bleeding or hemorrhage

Oxytocic Agent
Oxytocin stimulates uterine contraction by activating G-protein-coupled receptors that trigger increases in intracellular calcium levels in uterine myofibrils. Oxytocin also increases local prostaglandin production, further stimulating uterine contraction.

1. Onset of action: (IM) 3 to 5 minutes; (IV) ~1 minute
2. Duration: (IM) 2 to 3 hours; (IV) 1 hour
3. Half-life elimination: 1 to 6 minutes; decreased in late pregnancy and during lactation
4. Excretion: Urine

1. Hypersensitivity to oxytocin or any component of the formulation; significant cephalopelvic disproportion
2. Unfavorable fetal positions or presentations (such as transverse lies); fetal distress when delivery is not imminent
3. Hypertonic or hyperactive uterus
4. Contraindicated vaginal delivery (invasive cervical cancer, active genital herpes, prolapse of the cord, cord presentation, total placenta previa, or vasa previa)
5. Obstetrical emergencies where surgical intervention is favored

Oxytocin is used for augmentation of labor in patients making slow progress through the first stage of spontaneous labor.

Compatible with breastfeeding (WHO); Administration of exogenous oxytocin may negatively impact breastfeeding (UTD)

1. Cardiovascular: Cardiac arrhythmia, hypertensive crisis, hypotension, subarachnoid hemorrhage, tachycardia, ventricular premature contractions
2. Endocrine & metabolic: Water intoxication
3. Gastrointestinal: Nausea, vomiting
4. Genitourinary: Postpartum hemorrhage, uterine rupture
5. Hematologic & oncologic: Pelvic hematoma
6. Hypersensitivity: Anaphylaxis

Induction or stimulation of labor: IV
1. Dosage: Initial 0.5 to 1 milliunits/minute; gradually increase dose in increments of 1 to 2 milliunits/minute every 30 to 60 minutes until desired contraction pattern is established; dose may be decreased by similar increments after desired frequency of contractions is reached and labor has progressed to 5 to 6 cm cervical dilation.
2. Rate: Higher infusion rates may be needed prior to term due to a lower sensitivity of the uterus. Infusion rates up to 6 milliunits/minute provide oxytocin levels similar to those with spontaneous labor; rates >9 to 10 milliunits/minute are rarely required in patients at term.
Postpartum uterine bleeding:
1. IM: 10 units after delivery of the placenta.
2. IV: 5 units or 10 units may be given initially and can be followed by a maintenance infusion of up to 10 units/hour. Maximum cumulative dose: 40 units.

There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer's labeling.

There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer's labeling.