#特殊劑型：不建議磨粉、管灌藥品

Pentoxifylline is used for the symptomatic treatment of intermittent claudication associated with peripheral vascular disease (i.e., chronic occlusive arterial disease of the extremities).

Pentoxifylline, a synthetic xanthine derivative, is a hemorrheologic agent.

Pentoxifylline is rapidly and almost completely absorbed from the GI tract following oral administration, but the drug undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism in the liver. It is not known if pentoxifylline or its metabolites cross the placenta. The drug and its metabolites are distributed into milk. Although the exact metabolic fate of pentoxifylline is not clearly established, it appears that the drug is extensively metabolized in erythrocytes and the liver, principally via reduction, oxidation, and demethylation. Pentoxifylline and its metabolites are excreted in urine and feces. In adults with normal renal and hepatic function, approximately 95% of an oral dose of the drug is excreted in urine within 24 hours, principally as metabolites.

Patients who have a history of intolerance to the drug or to xanthine derivatives such as caffeine, theophylline, or theobromine.

There are no adequate and controlled studies to date using pentoxifylline in pregnant women, and the drug should be used during pregnancy only when clearly needed.

Decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the woman.

Adverse reactions to pentoxifylline generally involve the GI tract (dyspepsia, nausea, and vomiting ) and CNS (dizziness, headache, and tremor).

400mg Bid- Tid