治療原發性早產兒呼吸暫停。

Indicated for the treatment of primary apnea of prematurity in preterm infants.

Caffeine citrate 是一種中樞神經系統興奮劑，其主要作用是拮抗腺甘受體，包括 A1 和 A2A 受體，從而刺激呼吸中樞，增加每分鐘通氣量，降低高碳酸血症的閾值。

Caffeine citrate is a central nervous system stimulant that primarily works by antagonizing adenosine receptors, including A1 and A2A receptors, thereby stimulating the respiratory center, increasing minute ventilation, and lowering the threshold for hypercapnia.

Caffeine citrate 在輸注後數分鐘內迅速吸收。其分布體積 (Vd) 為 0.8-0.9 L/kg，主要經腎臟排泄，半衰期約為 3-4 天，隨胎齡增加而減少。

Caffeine citrate is rapidly absorbed within minutes after infusion. It has a volume of distribution (Vd) of 0.8-0.9 L/kg and is primarily excreted by the kidneys. The half-life is approximately 3-4 days, decreasing with increasing postnatal age.

對 Caffeine 或本藥其他成分過敏者禁用。

Contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to caffeine or any other components of the product.

動物試驗顯示，高劑量 Caffeine 具有胚胎毒性和致畸作用，但這些作用與早產兒的短期治療無關。

Animal studies have shown that high doses of caffeine have embryotoxic and teratogenic effects, but these are not relevant to the short-term use in preterm infants.

Caffeine 會分泌到乳汁中，並易於通過胎盤進入胎兒循環。接受 Caffeine Citrate 治療的新生兒，其哺乳母親應避免攝取含 Caffeine 的食物、飲料或藥物。

Caffeine is excreted into breast milk and crosses the placenta into fetal circulation. Nursing mothers of infants receiving caffeine citrate should avoid consuming caffeine-containing foods, drinks, or medications.

常見副作用包括心搏過速、血糖過高、靜脈炎、低血糖、痙攣等。

Common adverse effects include tachycardia, hyperglycemia, phlebitis, hypoglycemia, and seizures.

起始劑量為每公斤體重 20 mg 的 Caffeine Citrate，於 30 分鐘內靜脈輸注。維持劑量為每公斤體重 5 mg，每 24 小時一次，可靜脈輸注或口服。

The initial dose is 20 mg/kg of caffeine citrate administered via IV infusion over 30 minutes. The maintenance dose is 5 mg/kg every 24 hours, administered either via IV infusion or orally.

如臨床反應不足，可考慮在 24 小時後給予第二劑起始劑量 10-20 mg/kg。維持劑量可根據病患情況適當調整。

If the clinical response is inadequate, a second loading dose of 10-20 mg/kg may be administered after 24 hours. Maintenance doses may be adjusted based on the patient's response.

腎功能不全患者需降低維持劑量，並根據血漿 Caffeine 濃度進行調整。

In patients with renal impairment, the maintenance dose should be reduced and adjusted based on plasma caffeine levels.

肝功能不全患者因代謝受限，Caffeine 排除半衰期延長，應謹慎使用並監測血漿濃度以調整劑量。

In patients with hepatic impairment, the metabolism of caffeine is limited, leading to a prolonged half-life. Caffeine should be used with caution, and plasma levels should be monitored to adjust the dose accordingly.