高血壓 (Beta-blocker) 治療心律不整 治療心絞痛 Hypertension, angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, prophylaxis of migraine, hypertrophic subaortic stenosis.

Propranolol hydrochloride is a nonselective β-adrenergic blocking agent (β-blocker). Propranolol inhibits response to adrenergic stimuli by competitively blocking β-adrenergic receptors within the myocardium and within bronchial and vascular smooth muscle.

Propranolol is almost completely absorbed from the GI tract. Propranolol is widely distributed into body tissues including lungs, liver, kidneys, and heart. Propranolol readily crosses the blood-brain barrier and the placenta. The drug is distributed into milk. Propranolol is almost completely metabolized in the liver and at least 8 metabolites have been identified in urine. Only 1–4% of an oral or IV dose of the drug appears in feces as unchanged drug and metabolites. The half-life during the initial phase (t?α) was 10 minutes and that during the terminal phase (t?β) was 2.3 hours.

Second to third degree heart block, bronchial asthma, cardiogenic shocks, sinus bradycardia, allergic rhinitis during the pollen season, hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis.

C

Avoided, milk levels of propanolol with milk/plasma ratios from 0.2-1.5.

Severe bradycardia, congestive heart failure, hypotension, bronchospasm.

PO 10-40mg TID or QID, maintenance dose: 160-480mg/day. For emergency of cardiac arrhythmia: IV 1-3mg (less than 1mg/min), maximum dose: 10mg.