【藥品性質提示】 根據 2019 AGS Beers Criteria，本藥品為【潛在不適當用藥 (PIM)】，不建議用於老年人。

Sedation: Use as a sedative
Seizures: Management of generalized tonic-clonic, status epilepticus, and partial seizures

Long-acting barbiturate with sedative, hypnotic, and anticonvulsant properties. Barbiturates depress the sensory cortex, decrease motor activity, alter cerebellar function, and produce drowsiness, sedation, and hypnosis. In high doses, barbiturates exhibit anticonvulsant activity; barbiturates produce dose-dependent respiratory depression.

Absorption:
Bioavailability: Oral: 80% to 100%
Distribution:
VD: 0.5 to 1 L/kg
Excretion:
Renal Excretion (%): 21%

Hypersensitivity to barbiturates
History of manifest or latent porphyria
Marked liver impairment
Respiratory disease with evidence of dyspnea or obstruction
Concomitant use with rilpivirine

D(FDA)

Drugs that have been associated with significant effects on some nursing infants and should be given to nursing mothers with caution.(AAP)
Compatible with breastfeeding. Monitor infant for side effects. Probably safe, monitor infant(WHO)

Common:
Neurologic: Somnolence (1% to 3% )
Serious:
Cardiovascular: Syncope (less than 1% )
Dermatologic: Erythroderma
Hematologic: Megaloblastic anemia (less than 1% )
Hepatic: Liver damage (less than 1% )
Immunologic: Hypersensitivity reaction (less than 1% )
Psychiatric: Hallucinations (less than 1% )
Other: Barbiturate withdrawal

Epilepsy:
50 mg to 100 mg ORALLY 2 or 3 times daily [2] or (solution) 60 to 200 mg/day ORALLY
Sedation:
daytime sedation, 30 mg to 120 mg ORALLY divided into 2 or 3 doses , up to MAX 400 mg in 24 hours
hypnotic, 100 to 320 mg ORALLY as a single dose up to MAX 400 mg in 24 hours

Epilepsy:
15 mg to 50 mg ORALLY 2 to 3 times daily
Sedation:
6 mg/kg/day ORALLY divided into 3 doses.

renal impairment: dose reductions recommended

hepatic disease: dose reductions recommended