Tonvasca 適用於治療原發性高膽固醇血症及混合型血脂異常。

Tonvasca is indicated for the treatment of primary hypercholesterolemia and mixed dyslipidemia.

Tonvasca 含有兩種有效成分：Pitavastatin 和 Ezetimibe。
Pitavastatin 是 HMG-CoA 還原酵素抑制劑，通過抑制肝臟膽固醇合成來降低血漿膽固醇濃度；Ezetimibe 則透過抑制腸道對膽固醇的吸收來減少肝臟中膽固醇的儲存，並增加血液中膽固醇的清除。

Tonvasca contains two active ingredients: Pitavastatin and Ezetimibe. Pitavastatin is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor that reduces plasma cholesterol levels by inhibiting hepatic cholesterol synthesis, while Ezetimibe reduces cholesterol storage in the liver by inhibiting intestinal cholesterol absorption, thereby increasing cholesterol clearance from the blood.

Pitavastatin 具有高度吸收性和蛋白質結合率，主要經肝臟代謝，半衰期約為 12 小時；Ezetimibe 主要在腸道吸收並以其葡萄糖糖酸形式排泄，半衰期約為 22 小時。

Pitavastatin is highly absorbed and has a high protein binding rate. It is primarily metabolized in the liver with a half-life of approximately 12 hours. Ezetimibe is mainly absorbed in the intestines and excreted as its glucuronide form, with a half-life of about 22 hours.

Tonvasca 禁用於對本藥成分過敏、孕婦、哺乳期婦女、活動性肝病患者及使用 cyclosporine 的患者。

Tonvasca is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to its components, pregnant women, nursing mothers, patients with active liver disease, and those taking cyclosporine.

孕婦禁用 Tonvasca，因其含有 Pitavastatin，可能對胎兒造成傷害，並且使用本藥對孕婦沒有已知的臨床益處。

Tonvasca is contraindicated in pregnant women because it contains Pitavastatin, which may harm the fetus, and there is no known clinical benefit to using this medication during pregnancy.

Pitavastatin 和 Ezetimibe 是否分泌至人乳尚不明，但動物研究顯示它們會分泌至乳汁，因此哺乳期婦女應避免使用 Tonvasca，或停止哺乳。

It is unknown whether Pitavastatin and Ezetimibe are excreted in human milk, but animal studies have shown that they are excreted in milk, so breastfeeding women should either avoid using Tonvasca or discontinue breastfeeding.

常見副作用包括血肌酸磷酸激酵素增加、肌痛、腹瀉、背痛、便秘、頭痛等。

Common adverse effects include increased blood creatine phosphokinase, myalgia, diarrhea, back pain, constipation, and headache.

成人劑量為每日一次，可隨食物或不隨食物服用。

The adult dosage is once daily, with or without food.

Tonvasca 在未滿 18 歲的兒童及青少年中使用的安全性和有效性尚未確立，不建議使用。

The safety and efficacy of Tonvasca in children and adolescents under 18 years of age have not been established and its use is not recommended.

中、重度腎功能不全患者不建議使用 Tonvasca，起始劑量應降低，並監測血清肌酸酐。

In patients with moderate to severe renal impairment, the use of Tonvasca is not recommended, and the starting dose should be reduced with monitoring of serum creatinine.

肝功能不全患者禁用 Tonvasca。

Tonvasca is contraindicated in patients with hepatic impairment.