#建議持續輸注 (IV pump) 之高警訊藥品

高血壓 (Beta-blocker) All grades of hypertension

α- and β-adrenergic blocking antihypertensive agent
Blocks alpha1-, beta1-, and beta2-adrenergic receptor sites; elevated renins are reduced.

Absorption:
1. Onset of action: Within 5 minutes
2. Peak effect: 5 to 15 minutes
3. Duration (Blood pressure response): 16 to 18 hours
Distribution:
1. Vd: 2.5 to 15.7 L/kg
2. Protein binding: ~50%
Metabolism:
1. Hepatic, primarily via glucuronide conjugation; extensive first-pass effect
2. Half-life elimination: ~5.5 hours
Excretion:
Urine (55% to 60% as glucuronide conjugates, <5% as unchanged drug); feces (12% to 27% as metabolites)

1. Hypersensitivity to labetalol or any component of the formulation
2. Severe bradycardia; heart block greater than first degree; cardiogenic shock; uncompensated cardiac failure
3. Bronchial asthma or a history of obstructive airway disease
4. Conditions associated with severe and prolonged hypotension

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1. The manufacturer recommends that caution be exercised when administering labetalol to breastfeeding women.
2. Labetalol may be one of the preferred beta-blockers in breastfeeding females.

Postural hypotension, scalp tingling, insomnia, GI discomfort, nasal stiffness, vivid dreams

Hypertension, acute/severe inpatient
(Intermittent IV) Initial: 5 to 20 mg over 2 minutes; repeat dose every 10 minutes until target blood pressure is reached; monitor dose accumulation
Hypertensive emergency
1. (Intermittent IV) Initial: 10 to 20 mg over 1 to 2 minutes; followed by 20 to 80 mg every 10 minutes until target blood pressure is reached; consider a continuous infusion if unable to obtain target blood pressure.
2. (Continuous IV infusion) Initial loading dose: 10 to 20 mg over 2 minutes (optional if intermittent dosing is used), followed by 0.5 to 2 mg/minute; some patients may require titration up to 10 mg/minute.

1. Mild to severe kidney impairment: No dosage adjustment necessary
2. intermittent Hemodialysis, Peritoneal dialysis: Poorly dialyzed; no supplemental dose or dosage adjustment necessary
3. CRRT, PIRRT: No dosage adjustment necessary

There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer's labeling. However, dosage reduction may be necessary in hepatic impairment due to decreased metabolism and increased oral bioavailability, use with caution.