高血壓 (vasodilator) Severe hypertension.

Minoxidil is a vasodilating agent.

Minoxidil is rapidly and well absorbed from the GI tract. After a single 2.5- to 25-mg oral dose of minoxidil, the hypotensive effect begins in 30 minutes, is maximal in 2–8 hours, and persists for about 2–5 days. Minoxidil is distributed into milk. The drug is not bound to plasma proteins. About 90% of an oral dose of minoxidil is metabolized, primarily by conjugation with glucuronic acid and also by conversion to more polar metabolites. The drug and its metabolites are excreted principally in urine by glomerular filtration; with chronic therapy in patients with renal impairment, minoxidil’s glucuronide metabolites accumulate in plasma but the unchanged drug does not. The mean plasma half-life of minoxidil and its metabolites was 4.2 hours.

Pheochromocytoma.

C

Avoided; opinion in controversial state

Sodium and water retension, hypertrichosis.

Adults:Initial dose: 5mg/day to start, may be increase to 50 mg/day (QD or BID); usual maintenance dose: 10-40mg/day; maximum dose: 100mg/day.
Children:Initial dose: 0.2mg/kg/ day, maximum dose: 1mg/kg/day